
July is the perfect month to celebrate our freedom and independence by reconnecting with the cycles of nature.
In The United States of America, we celebrate the day that we declared our independence from England and established a new country based on freedom:
Following are the opening words of the Declaration of Independence, signed July 4th, 1776….
“When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
The phrase “Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God” have always resonated deep within me. It is like a call to action to understand our true nature as human beings living together on this amazing earth. Our earth is “big” yet it is also “small”. It is “powerful” yet “vulnerable”. These opposite concepts of nature continuously remind us of our interconnectedness with the cycles of life.

Early man came to recognize the cycles of life, in nature, through the seasons. They were guided by the Moon, the Sun and the stars (namely Venus, Sirius, and the Pleiades). By carefully living within this circular world a framework for time was created. Many cultures developed sophisticated calendar systems that worked on multiple dimensions to help them keep track of events and set intentions.
My goal is to share with you a selection of cultures and calendars that demonstrate how: “the laws of nature and of natures God” have been informing us before time began.
In fact, the month of July is named after Julius Caesar, the Roman Emperor who instituted the Julian calendar in 46BC. That calendar is the basis of the calendar we use today.

Egyptian/Roman/Christian Calendar - was originally a lunar calendar based on the seasons of agriculture. The calendar began at planting time, and ended after the harvest, the year was approximately 304 days long. The two months of winter, when there was no work in the fields, were not counted. This lunar calendar was also used for religious festivals.
A second solar calendar was created for civil purposes, and was based on the observation that there were usually 365 days between the helical rising of Sirius (365.25 to be exact). This civil calendar was split into twelve months of 30 days with an additional five days attached at the end of the year to again match the 365 days. These additional five days were considered to be unlucky. This calendar is known as a wandering calendar, since it slowly gets out of synch with the solar year.

A third calendar, which dates back at least to the fourth century BC was used to match the lunar year with the solar year. It was based on a period of 25 civil years, which was approximately 309 lunar months.

In 46 BC, Julius Caesar instituted a purely solar calendar. He consulted with Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes and created a regular year of 365 days which was divided into 12 months. He added a leap day to February every four years. This calendar was named the Julian calendar. Caesar also declared that the seventh month should have 31 days, and the senate then also named the month of July in his honor.
In 1582, the Julian calendar was replaced with the more accurate Gregorian calendar. The astronomical solstices and the equinoxes had advanced by about 11 minutes per year against the Julian year, causing the calendar to gain a day about every 134 years. Due to this dramatic change, Pope Gregory was able to separate the equinox and solstice celebrations from the church’s religious holy days.
Days of the Week
Sunday - Dies Solis (day of the sun)
Monday – Dies Lunae (day of the moon)
Tuesday – Dies Martis (day of Mars)
Wednesday – Dies Mercuri (day of Mercury)
Thursday – Dies Iovis (day of Jupiter)
Friday – Dies Veneris (day of Venus)
Saturday – Dies Saturni (day of Saturn)
Names of the Month
January – Janus, the god of doors and gates
February – Februalia, a time period when sacrifices were made to atone for sins
March – Mars, the god of war
April – Latin for “to open” (buds)
May – Maia, the Earth Goddess
June – Mother Goddess Juno
****July – Julius Caesar in 44 B.C.
August – Augustus Caesar in 8 B.C.
September – “seven”
October – “eight”
November – “nine”
December – “ten”

European Celtic Calendar - divided their solar year into a cosmology that represented the eight spokes of a turning wheel consisting of four doors and four gateways. This calendar was based on the four cardinal directions (East, South, West, North) and the four secondary directions. The gateways opened the doors for continuous movement throughout the years. Eventually this Celtic calendar was incorporated into the Roman/Catholic calendar. Many of these ancient “pagan” (which means to be from nature) traditions are still celebrated today.
Winter Solstice – A time of reflection
Imbolc/Candlemas – A time of growing light
Spring Equinox – A time of rebirth
Beltane – A time for innocence and love
Summer Solstice – A time of shining
Lammas – A time to begin harvesting
Fall Equinox – A time of knowing
Samhain – A time of honoring souls.

Mayan Calendar – On the other side of mother earth, another great civilization was creating their own interpretation of “time”. The Aztecs and Mayans were also following lunar/solar/long count/star calendars.
Tzolkin - (260 days) lunar year/cycle (may have been based on the nine lunar months of gestation for a baby to be in the womb)
Haab - (365 days) solar year/cycle
Long Count - a combination of the Tzolkin and Haab cycles
Venus/Star Count - Venus was often referred to as both “The Morning Star” and “The Evening Star” because of its visibility during both times. Venus was often depicted as “defeating” the Sun and the Moon, from day-into-night (and vice-versa).
Calendar Round – Neither the Tzolk’in nor the Haab’ system numbered the years, the whole cycle would repeat itself every 52 Haab’ years exactly. Since Calendar Round dates repeat every 18,980 days, approximately 52 solar years, the cycle repeats roughly once each lifetime. To specify dates over periods longer than 52 years, Mesoamericans used the Long Count calendar.

Jewish Calendar - A “day” begins and ends at sunset. It is based on the rotation of the Earth about its axis (a day); the revolution of the moon about the Earth (a month); and the revolution of the Earth about the sun (a year). These three phenomena are independent of each other.
The moon revolves around the Earth in about 29½ days
The Earth revolves around the sun in about 365¼ days, that is, about 12.4 lunar months.
The lunar month on the Jewish calendar begins when the first sliver of moon becomes visible after the dark of the moon.
The problem with a strictly lunar calendar is that there are approximately 12.4 lunar months in every solar year, so a 12-month lunar calendar is about 11 days shorter than a solar year and a 13-month lunar is about 19 longer than a solar year. To compensate for this drift, the Jewish calendar uses a 12-month lunar calendar with an extra month occasionally added. The month of Nissan occurs 11 days earlier each year for two or three years, and then jumps forward 30 days, balancing out the drift.
In ancient times, this month was added by when the Sanhedrin observed the conditions of the weather, the crops and the livestock, and if these were not sufficiently advanced to be considered “spring,” then the Sanhedrin inserted an additional month into the calendar to make sure that Pesach (Passover) would occur in the spring.
The current date on the Jewish calendar represents the number of years since Creation. This number is determined by adding all the ages of people mentioned in the Bible back to the first day. Many Jews, from Reform to Orthodox, accept the idea that the first six “days” of creation may not have been the 24-hour days we recognize today.
Months of the Jewish calendar are referred to mostly by number in the Bible, but were given names almost identical to the names for the Babylonian month.
Tevet – Jan
Shevat – Jan – Feb
Adar I – Feb – Mar * Last month of the Jewish year – a time of joy
(Adar II) – Occurs in a leap year
Nissan – Mar – April * Beginning of the Jewish year 5771
Iyar – April – May
Sivan – May – June
Tamuz – June – July
Av – July – Aug
Elul – Aug – Sept
Tishrei – Sept – Oct
Cheshvan – Oct – Nov
Kislev - Nov – Dec

Islamic calendar/Hijri calendar - is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days and festivals.
The first year was the year during which the emigration of the prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra, occurred. Each numbered year is designated either H for Hijra or AH for the Latin anno Hegirae (in the year of the Hijra). A limited number of years before Hijra (BH) are used to date events related to Islam, such as the birth of Muhammad in 53 BH.
Being a purely lunar calendar, it is not synchronized with the seasons. With an annual drift of 11 or 12 days, the seasonal relation is repeated approximately each 33 Islamic years.
Islamic months begin at sunset of the first day, the day when the lunar crescent is visually sighted. The lunar year is approximately 354 days long, so the months rotate backward through the seasons and are not fixed to the Gregorian calendar.
The months of the Islamic year are:
Muharram – “Forbidden”
Safar – “Empty” or “Yellow”
Rabia Awal – “First spring”
Rabia Thani – “Second spring”
Jumaada Awal – “First freeze”
Jumaada Thani – “Second freeze”
Rajab – “To respect”
Sha’ban – “To spread and distribute”
Ramadan – “Parched thirst” – this is the month of daytime fasting
Shawwal – “To be light and vigorous”
Dhul-Qi’dah – “The month of rest”
Dhul-Hijjah – “The month of Hajj” – annual pilgrimage to Mecca, no warfare/fighting

Hindu calendar - The Hindu calendar is luni-solar, with a precise lunar month and an approximate luni-solar year.
It is based on lunar months corresponding to the phases of the moon. In one year there are twelve months of 29.5 days, accounting for a total of 354 days. This means that the date of each festival moves back 11 days each year. An extra leap month is added about once every three years.
The year starts with the sun’s entrance into Capricorn. The solar year is divided into two halves and six seasons.
The Hindu year contains twelve lunar months named after the naksatra in which the moon is full:
Caitra (March – April) (citra-naksatra)
Vaisakha (April – May) (visakha-naksatra)
Jyaistha (May – June) (jyestha-naksatra)
Asadha (June – July) (purvasadha-naksatra)
Sravana (July – August) (sravana-naksatra)
Bhadrapada (August – September) (purva-bhadrapada-naksatra)
Asvina (September – October) (asvini-naksatra)
Karttika (October – November) (krttika-naksatra)
Margasirsa or Agrahayana (November – December) (mrgasirsa-naksatra)
Pausa (December – January) (pusya-naksatra)
Magha (January – February) (magha-naksatra) and
Phalguna (February – March) (phalguna-naksatra).

Chinese calendar - is lunar/solar. It is based on exact astronomical observations of the sun’s longitude and the moon’s phases. It attempts to have its years coincide with the tropical year and shares some similarities with the Jewish calendar. These similarities are that: an ordinary year has 12 months and a leap year has 13 months; and an ordinary year has 353-355 days while a leap year has 383-385 days.
The Chinese calendar does not count years in an infinite sequence. Each year is assigned a name consisting of two components within each 60-year cycle. The first component is a celestial system based on the five elements/forces: (It also corresponds to aspects of the ancient Bagua)

Jia - associated with growing wood.
Yi - associated with cut timber.
Bing - associated with natural fire.
Ding - associated with artificial fire.
Wu - associated with earth.
Ji - associated with earthenware.
Geng - associated with metal.
Xin - associated with wrought metal.
Ren - associated with running water.
Gui - associated with standing water.
The second component is a terrestrial branch. It features the names of animals in a zodiac cycle consisting of 12 animals, listed below
Zi - rat.
Chou - ox.
Yin - tiger.
Mao - rabbit.
Chen - dragon.
Si - snake.
Wu - horse.
Wei - sheep.
Shen - monkey.
You - rooster.
Xu - dog.
Hai - boar/pig.
Each of the two components is used sequentially. Therefore, the first year of the 60-year cycle becomes jia-zi, the second year is yi-chou, and so on. One starts from the beginning when the end of a component is reached. The 10th year is gui-you, the 11th year is jia-xu (restarting the celestial stem) the 12th year is yi-hai, and the 13th year is bing-zi (restarting the celestial branch). Finally, the 60th year is gui-hai. This pattern of naming years within a 60-year cycle dates back to about 2000 years.
A similar naming of days and months is no longer used but the date name is still listed in calendars. It has been customary to number the 60 year cycle since 2637 BC, when the calendar was supposedly invented.

Summary – Nature continues to inform us on a daily basis. As we allow ourselves to step out of linear time and back into circular time, we are able to reconnect to our true nature. This helps our body/mind and soul to flow in harmony with the universe. Free yourself from time and enjoy the natural world around you and within you. We have much happiness to pursue this July!!
But don’t worry, time will always be there if you need it…:)
Quotes for “time”
“For centuries, man believed that the sun revolves around the earth. Centuries later, he still thinks that time moves clockwise.” ~Robert Brault
“Who forces time is pushed back by time; who yields to time finds time on his side.” ~ The Talmud
“Time is making fools of us again.” ~ J.K. Rowling
“Time is the most undefinable yet paradoxical of things; the past is gone, the future is not come, and the present becomes the past even while we attempt to define it, and, like the flash of lightning, at once exists and expires. “ ~ Charles Caleb Colton
“Come out of the circle of time
. And into the circle of love.” – Rumi
“Time is not at all what it seems. It does not flow in only one direction, and the future exists simultaneously with the past.” - Albert Einstein
“Perhaps time’s definition of coal is the diamond.” ~ Kahlil Gibran
“We can start working with time if you wish,” Chiang said, “till you can fly to the past and the future. And then you will be ready to begin the most difficult, the most powerful, the most fun of all. You will be ready to begin to fly up and know the meaning of kindness and of love.” – Richard Bach
“They say that time changes things, but you actually have to change them yourself.” – Andy Warhol
“Events in our lives happen in a sequence in time, but in their significance to ourselves they find their own order in the continuous thread of revelation.” – Eudora Welty
